Vom Fachwissen zur Bewertung? Naturwissenschaftliche Kompetenzen für Verantwortungsträger*innen
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25321/prise.2024.1481Abstract
Hintergrund: Nachhaltigkeitsherausforderungen des Anthropozäns, wie Klimawandel, Ressourcenübernutzungen und Biodiversitätsverlust enthalten allesamt naturwissenschaftliche Aspekte. Um diese Umweltveränderungen zu verstehen und wirksame Handlungsoptionen zu entwickeln, scheint naturwissenschaftliches Wissen und Können eine wichtige Rolle zu spielen.
Ziel: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist herauszufinden, welches Wissen und Können Verantwortungsträger*innen benötigen, um mit aktuellen naturwissenschaftlich geprägten Nachhaltigkeitsherausforderungen umgehen zu können, auch wenn sie selber keinen naturwissenschaftlichen Bildungshintergrund haben. Aus den Ergebnissen sollen Rückschlüsse auf die schulische Bildung geschlossen werden.
Design und Methode: Qualitative Interviewstudie mit 14 Verantwortungsträger*innen aus den Bereichen Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Deduktive Auswertung des Interviewmaterials mit den naturwissenschaftlichen, häufig adressierten, Kompetenzbereichen Fachwissen, Erkenntnisgewinnung, Bewertung und Kommunikation.
Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse aus den Interviews zeigen, dass detailliertes Fachwissen für Verantwortungsträger*innen eine untergeordnete Rolle spielt und dafür breites, vernetztes Systemwissen wichtiger ist. Ausserdem rückt die Bewertungskompetenz in den Vordergrund.
Schlussfolgerung: Erstmals wurden Verantwortungsträger*innen direkt befragt, welche Kompetenzen sie brauchen und nutzen, um nachhaltigkeitsrelevante Entscheidungen zu treffen. Aus den Ergebnissen lassen sich Rückschlüsse für die (schulische Aus-) Bildung von Verantwortungsträger*innen ziehen. Der Fokus muss auf interdisziplinäres und fächerübergreifendes Unterrichten gelegt werden, um bereits in der Schule darauf vorzubereiten wichtige Entscheidungen in Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft treffen zu können.
Keywords: Nachhaltigkeitsherausforderungen, naturwissenschaftliche Kompetenzbereiche, Fachwissen, Bewertungskompetenz, Verantwortungsträger*innen, Qualitative Interviewstudie
From Knowledge to Decision making Competence:
Scientific Competencies for Leaders
Background: Sustainability challenges of the Anthropocene, such as climate change, resource depletion and biodiversity loss, are often science-based. The responsible handling of these major challenges needs scientific knowledge and skills.
Purpose: The present interview study aimed to find out what knowledge and skills decision makers need in order to be able to deal with current scientific sustainability challenges, even if they themselves do not have a scientific educational background. The results will be used to draw conclusions about school education.
Design and Methods: Qualitative interview study with 14 decision makers from the fields of politics, economy, and civil society. Deductive evaluation of the interview material with the frequently addressed science competencies areas of scientific knowledge, knowledge acquisition, decision-making competence, and communication.
Results: The results suggest that detailed scientific knowledge plays less of a role for decision makers and that broad, intertwined system knowledge is more important. Furthermore, decision-making competence come to the fore.
Conclusions: For the first time, decision makers were asked directly which competencies they really need and use in order to make decisions relevant to sustainability. From the results, it can be concluded for the education and training of decision makers that the focus should be placed on interdisciplinary and cross-curricular teaching in order to prepare them already in school to be able to make important decisions in politics, the economy, and civil society.
Keywords: Sustainability challenges, science competencies, scientific knowledge, decision-making competence, decision makers, qualitative interview study
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